Kanneliya

  

Lost in the southern part of Sri Lanka is the shy rainforest named Kanneliya. Rich in bio diversity, this natural paradise is a treat for any nature lover. Filled with natural resources Kanneliya is one of Sri Lanka’s highly flourished bio diversity hot-spots. Kanneliya offers all its visitors the best of nature, its untouched rural beauty will capture your heart not only because of its individuality but also because of the endless resources this forest homes.

Kanneliya is a haven for many endemic and indigenous plants, mammals, birds, freshwater fish, insects and much more. It has won the hearts of many researchers and eco tourist who favor its magnificent beauty and prefer to be isolated in this sanctuary free from the bustling, polluted city life.  The reserve facilitates research, trekking and sightseeing.

Through the years Kanneliya has faced many challenges from unsympathetic timber companies that attempted to steal its resources for commercial purposes. Yet under the protection of the Kanneliya forest department it has fought the challenges imposed by the environment and continues to be the home for many species that are otherwise endangered in most parts of the world. Kanneliya is indeed an ideal holiday spot for any nature lover. The bounty of nature, the eco-friendly facilities and the calm atmosphere make Kanneliya a relaxing eco-tourism paradise.


About Kanneliya

The Kanneliya rainforest is situated 35 Km north east from the town of Galle and is a part of the Kanneliya, Dediyagala, Nakiyadeniya forest complex located in the south western part of Sri Lanka. It lies between 6° 09'and 6° 18' N and 80° 19' and 80° 27 E. The total extent of the Kanneliya Forest Reserve is 5,305.9 ha and comprises of a dense forest area of 5108.2 ha,  sparse forest area of 168.4ha and plantation forest area of 29.3 ha.

Topography

The present topography of Kanneliya is formed as a result of the differential erosions that took place over a long geological period. The Forest Reserve has a series of parallel strike-ridges and valleys running in the northwest-southeast direction. The elevation ranges from 60-425m. and the rocks are mainly of charnochites in association with other rocks of the khondalite sense.

Climate

Kanneliya has an average annual rainfall of about 4445 mm primarily during the South West monsoon period (mid May to end September) with a mean monthly temperature is around 27° C. The annual rainfall along with the average temperature of 27 degrees Celsius that prevails throughout the year contributes greatly to the well being of all the animal species living in Kanneliya.

Rivers/waterfalls/streams

With the highest number of streams totaling to 111 flowing within this complex it should come to us as no surprise that Kanneliya is being hailed as one of the most treasured forests in the island. This feature place a dominant role in keeping the complex wet and cool even during the driest of periods.The drainage pattern that is formed within the complex is prominent as it comprises 3 major streams namely the Kanneli ela, Nannikita ela, and Udugam ela which are the main tributaries of the Ginganga.

It is therefore safe to say that Kanneliya does play a profound role in uplifting the agriculture of the southern part of the island as the two main rivers Nilwala and Gin Ganga are kept alive throughout the year thanks to the many streams, canals and rivers that flow towards and out of this complex.
 

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Kanneliya

  

The KDN forest complex is located in a region that is been identified as one the floristically richest regions in South Asia. It is considered as an area of exceptional endemicity, as it has been recorded that some 17 % of the wet zone lowland endemic flora is confined to the south -western front - range forests.
This evergreen wet forest is formed to the climax forest formation. Floristically and physiognomically, it is similar to the multistoried structure and the diversity of the lowland rain forests of Malaysia. Just as in all other Asian forest Kanneliya too is heavily dominated by the Dipterocarps family. The varying topography and climatic conditions provide a conducive environment for the luxuriant growth of vegetation which includes some large trees that occur as emergents, having straight boles, and characteristic buttresses depicting the lowland rain forests.
Kanneliya is distinctly known for its diversity of flowering plants and endemic species. When the representation of endemics is taken in to consideration within the KDN complex, Kanneliya is ranked as the first. Studies carried out at Kanneliya have revealed the presence of 301 flora spp, including trees, shrubs and herbs out of which 52% has been identified as endemic (Sinhakumara, 1994), 15 as being globally threatened and 26 as being nationally threatened.
Plants and varied types of trees could be found spread all over Kanneliya, in other words these trees are the life givers to the Kanneliya Reserve. Out of the 247 bushes and trees in the 1st, 2nd and third layers that contribute immensely to the retention of the moisture of Kanneliya 155 spp are indigenous to Sri Lanka. Furthermore Kanneliya boasts of being one the few reserves that has tree species that are believed to be in existence since the begging of earth.  

The Nawada tree also known as Shorea Stipularis is a one of the many trees that speaks of the ancient heritage of Kanneliya. This tree is 20 feet tall with heavy branches that keep the surrounding land area wet enabling the existence of leaches.  26 plant species that face the threat of extinction locally and 15 plant species that face the threat of extinction internationally have found their haven in the Kanneliya forest reserve.

Ancient Trees

Commercial Plants

Herbal Plants

Mushrooms

Flowers

Fruits

Adonis Blue Butterfly

  

Kanneliya is the home to a rich diversity of fauna with a high degree of endemism. Recent studies have revealed the presence of 122 bird species including 14 of the 23 endemic species. The stratification of the forest vegetation has created diverse habitats for birds and it has enabled the formation of mixed species foraging bird flocks.
It is believed that One third of the fresh water fish in Sri Lanka are endemic and the tributaries of Ginganga, which originate from the Kanneliya Forest Reserve, homes most of these species. Endemic amphibians such as RamcmeUa palmata and Icthyophis glutinosus and Also representative species of endemic genera such as Lankascincus, Lyriocephalus, Ceratophora, Nanophrys and Lankanectus have been spotted in Kanneliya. Giant squirrels and Purple faced Leaf Monkies are some of the common mammals you will easily be able spot while trekking in Kanneliya.

Vertebrates

Lizards

Amphibians

Kanneliya homes 14 varied species of Frogs and Monitor Lizards

Reptiles

Snails

Birds - 59 bird species

Fresh water fishes

A considerable part of Kanneliya is composed of fresh water arenas’, which remain uninterrupted even through the dry periods. 1 out 3 of the fresh water species that are found in these streams are home-grown and can be found only in Sri Lanka.

Invertebrates

Butterflies and Insects

In your trail down Kanneliya you will witness 32 types of beautiful butterflies. These Butterflies are rich in their colours and pattern and live in extreme healthy and natural conditions.

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The Kanneliya forest reserve faced major threats from unsympathetic timber companies in the early days.  These timber companies sabotaged the forests and its majestic tall trees by continuously cutting them leaving no room for any growth. This has now resulted in the forest having trees that grow only up to the 2nd level.  Further the reserve also faced immense threats from the villagers who made it a routine to use the resources of the forest beyond specified limitations. The villagers used the forest to obtain medicinal plants, herbals and treacle, palms, cane etc for commercial purposes.

The Quick conservation plans undertaken by the Forest Department has placed a permanent stop to all such harmful activities. The Kanneliya forest reserve is now totally under the protection of the forest department of Sri Lanka. The department has worked closely with the villagers by educating them about conservation. Many workshops and seminars have been organized to educate the villagers about the responsible usage of the resources in the forest. The department has also done many long-term programmes in order to uplift the lives of these villagers which in turn has resulted in the villagers offering their fullest cooperation in preserving this forest reserve.

Those visiting Kanneliya for research/sightseeing/holiday are given precautionary advice on how to go about the reserve. All visitors give their fullest consent to keep the reserve in the healthiest conditions leaving  no room for any form of danger to its inhabitants.

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Other Attractions in Kanneliya

Apart from the multitude of bio diversity gifts Kanneliya offers its visitors following are few of the additional treats that would keep you mesmerized.

Water falls

Within the Kanneliya forest reserve you will witness magnificent and beautiful waterfalls. Formed in the rocks in Kanneliya these natural falls are a treat to your eyes and are no doubt valuable gifts of nature that ought to be preserved. The waterfalls give the complex not only a scenic beauty but also enable the healthy living of all its inhabitants. Don’t forget to have a little bit of extra time in your agenda, to pause and indulge in relaxing beauty of these waterfalls.

Nuga gal Aaranaya is an ancient temple that testifies the ancient heritage of Kanneliya. Built in 1954 the temple stands tall even today with sculptures of Buddha. Both Locals and tourist gather around this serene place of worship to demonstrate their beliefs.

The Kanneliya tunnel

As you hike a few kilometers along the trails of Kanneliya, you will see an interesting tunnel situated amidst the greenery. What you will see is the 20 meter long natural tunnel of Kanneliya. This is known as the Bat’s paradise, as most bats in the reserve resort to this dark damp tunnel for hiding.  The continuous flow of streamlets of fresh water keeps the temperature of the tunnel at an amazingly low level. It is a completely deferent world inside the tunnel. Fresh air: chilly atmosphere: freshwater rivulets: it is a fascinating site indeed!

The Rock – Maha Kabbala

Amidst the forest reserve of Kanneliya lays the massive rock called Maha Kabbala, which is found to be the tallest rock in Kanneliya. Climbing this rock is a challenge for any hiker, yet the breathtaking view that awaits you at the top compensates all the energy. The trail includes many rest houses that allow you to take a break as you hike. The panoramic view at the top of the hill is mind blowing; you will witness the beautiful lowlands that surround the reserve. The uphill climb and return will not take you more than a day, if you leave in the dawn you will be able to return before dusk.


The Anagimala Waterfall

You will not be forgiven if you miss the amazing Anagimala Waterfall situated in Kanneliya. This waterfall is a natural masterpiece that will surely take your breath away. Its marveling beauty as it flows from the rocks towards the river is a treat to your eyes. Special facilities have been made near the waterfall enabling all visitors to experience few moments of relaxation. The special wooden platform helps you to witness the Anagimala waterfall intimately which would otherwise be impossible.



Nannakiththa ela (River)

After a tired walk in the reserve the fresh waters of the Nannakiththa river awaits to refresh your body mind and soul.  This lustrous river flows throughout the reserve and is the home for many fresh water species.  An area of this river is secured for bathing; a dip in this natural fish spa will give you an all natural fish therapy at the cost of nature!

Kanneliya Forest Museum

The Kanneliya forest Museum exhibits valuable articles from the ancient days. These exhibits include tools and products used in the early days along with special plant specimens’, remains of ancient trees, Herbs, commercial plant specimens’ and many  products manufactured by villagers.
 

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Holiday at Kanneliya

Kanneliya is the ideal place to spend your next vacation. It not only gives you the best of bio-diversity but it assures to give you the best date you had ever had with nature. It is an ideal eco-friendly holiday location not only for adventurous trekkers or researchers but anyone who loves and adores nature. Many locals and foreigners visit this forest reserve throughout the year to experience its majesty and beauty.
 Kanneliya gives you an all-natural holiday with no sophistry or artificial luxury. The forest department has made all the arrangements to give you an adventurous yet relaxing holiday.  You may set out in the break of dawn, trek along the trails of Kanneliya, witness endemic and indigenous species, experience the beauty of nature climb the Mahakabbala rock and return to the holiday home before nightfall.

Facilities

The following facilities are made available at the Kanneliya forest reserve
Rest Houses
 Many rest houses have been created on the trail to facilitate trekkers. These rest- houses are made using natural degradable resources such as mud and palms. The walls are built out of the traditional ancient mixture of mud and clay while the roof is weaved using dry branches and leaves.



Lodging

The holiday homes at Kanneliya are perfect facilitators for a eco-friendly, simple holiday. These homes are fully equipped with facilities required for an eco-friendly holiday.   It comprises of Living Areas, Bed Rooms, Dining Rooms, washrooms and Cafeterias’. Kanneliya doesn’t guarantee the extravagant facilities that a city hotel will provide for; instead it gives you natural and earthly experience.

Information Centre

An information centre manned by the forest department officers is made available for all visitors. This centre educates visitors about the forest reserve, its specialties, behavior at the reserve, statistics etc. you will also be able to obtain study materials, maps, presentations, books on the Kanneliya forest reserve at this outlet.


Sales Centre

The sales centre in Kanneliya has many study and research materials done on the Kanneliya reserve. These materials include books, research articles, souvenirs, maps, DVDs’ and Cottage industrial Products from the villagers such as cane products, mushrooms, Kithul Juggery and herbs.  You may purchase these products at extremely reasonable rates.

Lecture Hall

The Lecture hall is specially built for those who come to Kanneliya for educational purposes. This is a homely hut that is also made with natural degradable resources also from the forest. This hall is ideal to conduct meetings. It is furnished with sufficient furniture needed for such gatherings. Many research teams that come to Kanneliya find this hall useful to conduct their group discussions.
 

nature

  

The Kanneliya forest reserve unlike most other rainforests in Sri Lanka has been in the limelight only in the recent past. Chances are that you might face many persons who may be ignorant of this magnificent forest complex. However getting to Kanneliya is not a daunting task. The roads are motorable upto the Kanneliya Conservation centre (and even a little further beyond) therefore you will have no issue of travelling in your personal vehicle or use public transportation.
This circular trail is moderate and is not strenuous or impossible. Just be geared in a comfortable attire with probably lots of water and any other essential that you require to manage close to  4 -5 hours of walking.

Location  : Kanneliya Conservation Centre, Koralegama, Panangala, Galle

Nearest Town: Udugama                        Nearest City: Galle

Total Length: 6.3km (including 300m detour to visit Anagimale Falls)

Elevation Gain: 450m (Elevation at Trail Head: 22m | Elevation at highest point: 472m)

Hiking Season : December to March & July, August.

Permit Required: Yes. Permits can be obtained from the Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Route to Kanneliya Conservation Centre

Route1:
Colombo -> Galle[116km on A2] -> Udugama [32km on B129] -> Panangala [6km on B156] -> Koralegama -> Kanneliya Conservation Centre [2km](approximately 156km)

Route 2:
Colombo -> Kalutara (Katukurunda) [45km on A2] -> Nagoda [3km on B008] -> Mathugama [5km on B308 & 11km on B8] -> Horawala [5km on B3] -> Moragala [7km] -> Palewatta [8km on B3] -> Pitigala [10km on B3] -> Udugama [24km via Mapalagama] -> Panangala [6km on B156] ->Koralegama -> Kanneliya Conservation Centre [2km](approximately 125km)